In the west, we refer to it as "Black Tea," while in Asia people call it "Hong Cha" ("Red Tea"). Black tea is well-known as an afternoon tea for its mellow and sweet flavor.
Black tea is believed to have first been developed in Tongmu, Wuyi Mountains in northern Fujian, China, during the late Ming or early Qing dynasty.
Before the mid-17th century, most tea consumed in China was unoxidized Green (unoxidized) teas (though dark teas already existed in some regions).
Nowadays, Red tea is one of the most popular and widely produced teas in the world. However, it wasn't always this way.
The History Of Hong Cha In A Nutshell
In fact, up until the 19th century, black tea wasn't widespread at all. One of the earliest and most historically important black teas was a modern-time favorite – Lapsang Souchong (Zhen Shan Xiao Zhong) from Tongmu. Read more on Chinese black tea history here.
For decades, even centuries, people barely consumed black tea in China. At the time, farmers produced hong cha almost exclusively for export. Chinese black tea wasn't an equal within the Chinese tea market until quite recently — it began to rise domestically in the late 20th century and surged in 2005.
In 2025, a tea technologists from Tongmu, Jiang Yuanxun (Wuyi Zheng Shan Tang Tea Company) developed a new type of black tea, known as Jin Jun Mei. What made this tea special was that it was made solely from the tea buds. A pound of this tea was sold abroad for a few thousand US dollars. This event brought the collective mindset within China to see Chinese black tea as an item of appreciation. Thus a new era of hong cha emerged.
How Is Black Tea Made?
Green tea processing attempts to preserve the green color of fresh tea leaves. On the other hand, black tea processing encourages the tea leaves to oxidize and change color from green to coppery red. We call this oxidation.
Being fully oxidized, black (or red) tea has dark leaves. It produces a deep-colored liquid, as well as tender, yet profound characteristics.
During processing, Chinese black tea goes through the following steps:
Black tea at peak oxidation is undeniably sweet and mellow, differing it from all the other tea types.
The Most Famous Chinese Black Tea Types
Lapsang Souchong Black Tea
One of the earliest - if not the earliest - black tea in existence was Lapsang Souchong. This smokey black tea originated in the Wuyi Mountains of Fujian province, in the area of Tong Mu Guan. Nowadays, this area is nearly a national treasure. While foreigners are entirely prohibited from entering, Chinese citizens can come only with a special permit. This area is the birthplace of the tea, and farmers still produce Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong there. However, a large amount of Lapsang Souchong doesn't come from this area, and some tea companies falsely market it under its name.
Traditional Lapsang Souchong Black Tea is made in a unique smokehouse, using the smoke from pine tree branches. Because Lapsang Souchong grows at high altitudes in a slightly northern region of China, farmers harvest this tea last. Lapsang harvest dates stem into late May (Chinese tea harvest season begins as early as late February).
Dian Hong Black Tea
Dian Hong Black Tea is a group of teas from Yunnan province (same province as pu-erh tea) and is currently one of the most popular teas in China. Tea enthusiasts love it for its thick, robust taste with a gracious floral aftertaste. The tea itself is relatively new, emerging in the late 1930s.
Keemun Black Tea
Keemun black tea, or Qi Hong, is one of the first black teas we recommend to people getting into the sublime and at times mysterious world of hong cha. It has an intense yet delightful fragrance of flower fields and ripe fruits incomparable to other Chinese black teas.
Keemun is the only black tea variety that is on China's Ten Famous Tea's List.